When should you wear a facemask for safe breathing?

After spending some unexpected time crawling around in a roof today fitting some lights and greatly disrupting and breathing the insulation (and getting itchy all over) I started wondering about this.
Anyone know what's the dangers from things like:
sanding(wood/gyprock/paint etc)
spray painting
roof insulation
dust
Carcinogenic? Lung problems?
And if protection should be used what style is sufficient?
Thankyou.

Anyone know what's the dangers from things like:
sanding(wood/gyprock/paint etc)
spray painting
roof insulation
dust
Carcinogenic? Lung problems?
And if protection should be used what style is sufficient?
Thankyou.
